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A torque converter is a fluid coupling that is utilized to transfer rotating power from a prime mover, which is an electric motor or an internal combustion engine, to a rotating driven load. The torque converter is like a basic fluid coupling to take the place of a mechanized clutch. This enables the load to be separated from the main power source. A torque converter can offer the equivalent of a reduction gear by being able to multiply torque if there is a considerable difference between output and input rotational speed.
The fluid coupling kind is actually the most popular kind of torque converter used in car transmissions. In the 1920's there were pendulum-based torque or Constantinesco converter. There are different mechanical designs used for always changeable transmissions which could multiply torque. Like for example, the Variomatic is a version that has a belt drive and expanding pulleys.
A fluid coupling is a 2 element drive that could not multiply torque. A torque converter has an additional component which is the stator. This alters the drive's characteristics all through occasions of high slippage and generates an increase in torque output.
There are a at least three rotating parts in a torque converter: the turbine, that drives the load, the impeller, that is mechanically driven by the prime mover and the stator, which is between the impeller and the turbine so that it could change oil flow returning from the turbine to the impeller. Normally, the design of the torque converter dictates that the stator be prevented from rotating under whatever condition and this is where the word stator originates from. In point of fact, the stator is mounted on an overrunning clutch. This design prevents the stator from counter rotating with respect to the prime mover while still permitting forward rotation.
Adjustments to the basic three element design have been integrated periodically. These modifications have proven worthy especially in application where higher than normal torque multiplication is needed. Most commonly, these alterations have taken the form of several stators and turbines. Each and every set has been intended to generate differing amounts of torque multiplication. Various instances include the Dynaflow which utilizes a five element converter so as to produce the wide range of torque multiplication needed to propel a heavy vehicle.
Different car converters consist of a lock-up clutch to be able to reduce heat and to improve the cruising power and transmission effectiveness, although it is not strictly part of the torque converter design. The application of the clutch locks the impeller to the turbine. This causes all power transmission to be mechanical that eliminates losses related with fluid drive.
